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Production and characterization of protein isolates from different kinds of bran
Vybíral, Lukáš ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Pořízka, Jaromír (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the use of various types of bran as a by-product in the milling of cereals. Mills create a huge amount of this material per year. The most common way of processing bran is mostly incineration and to a lesser extent it is used as feed for livestock. Depending on the type of cereal, bran contains 10-20% of protein, which disappears from the food chain due to combustion. Within the framework of sustainability and valorisation of waste, which has recently been largely discussed, great emphasis is placed on waste minimization whether in the field of its production or further processing. Due to the relatively high protein content, bran appears to be a suitable starting material to produce protein supplements. Proteins can be extracted from bran based on their different solubility at different pH. In the alkaline method, the proteins are first dissolved in an alkaline pH and then precipitated in an acidic medium. Lyophilization is followed by characterization of the extract in terms of yield, protein content, moisture, amino acid profile and digestibility. The highest yield was obtained with the oat bran isolate (13,5 ± 0,6 g of isolate per 100 g of bran). In terms of protein content, the best protein isolate was also obtained from oat bran (95,2 ± 0,4% protein in the isolate). Another determination was the analysis of the amino acid profile, in which a high content of arginine was found in all analyzed protein isolates from bran. Determination of digestibility showed very good digestibility of all produced protein extracts from bran.
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Preparation and basic chemical and physical characterization of biochar from wheat bran
Zouharová, Kamila ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Pořízka, Jaromír (advisor)
At present, the extraction of biochar and its use is a much-discussed topic in the chemical and research fields. The use of biochar is very often declined in the areas of agriculture, waste management, environmental improvement and the fight against global warming. In addition to these sectors, the topic of biochar is also addressed in the production of bio-diesel and bio-oil. Due to the current use of secondary products during biotechnological processes, the presented theoretical and practical study focused on the issue of obtaining biochar from bran by pyrolysis at different temperatures. Part of the practical part was the extraction of biochar from bran and its subsequent analysis, which could be used to characterize biochar obtained from bran by pyrolysis physically and chemically. The characterization of bran biochar was solved by various analytical methods. These techniques yielded, for example, pH, conductivity, particle distribution, elemental composition of biochar, porosity and content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Thanks to this study, the properties of biochar and its possible applications in everyday life were characterized in detail. Given the very promising use of biochar obtained from bran, it can be said that this will be a very desirable topic for the future.
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The Combustion of Organic Lightweighting Agents in the Chamotte Materials
Smékalová, Veronika ; Keršner, Štěpán (referee) ; Sokolář, Radomír (advisor)
Lightweight chamotte products are popular building material. There are many types of lightweight chamotte on the market, but the most popular lightening options are organic ingredients. This brings some problems to the production of these products. This thesis deals with the burning of various types of lighters from shards of fireclay materials. In the theoretical part are summarized raw materials, which are necessary for production of lightweight chamotte. The results of the published research studies on the topic of lightening of organic lightening products are being described here. The practical part deals with properties of products made of clay or kaolin with the addition of a certain amount of lighter. These added lighters are spruce sawdust, beech sawdust, peat, bran, paper slurry and anthracite. All these lighters are direct. For comparison, the cenospheres, which represent indirect lightweights, were also included in the research. For all specimens, the temperature interval of burnout of specimens, refractoriness, classification temperature, bulk density, thermal conductivity coefficient and other properties were defined.
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Production and characterization of biochar derived from different kind of bran
Černíková, Eliška ; Kalina, Michal (referee) ; Pořízka, Jaromír (advisor)
The bachelor thesis was focused on production and characterization of biochar prepared from different sorts of bran. According to the philosophy of circular economy bran, the biproduct of flour production, was chosen for the production of biochar. This lignocellulosic material was walked through pyrolysis to broaden potential application. Biochar was prepared by slow pyrolysis and considering its properties multiple applications are possible. Biochar’s usage is limited by European Biochar Certificate. The theoretical part contains general description of biochar properties, requests of European Biochar Certificate and possible analytical methods. In the practical part process of biochar preparation and biochar characterization per chosen methods are described. Analysed properties were: specific surface, pH, particle size distribution, electrical conductivity, composition of elements and content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Based on measured data possible applications were recommended. Only biochar from rye bran fulfilled the strict criteria of European Biochar Certificate. However all of the prepared materials can be used in agriculture, except from rice bran biochar which according to EBC can only be used in material industry.
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Characterization of different bran species in terms of ferulic acid content
Nábělek, Jakub ; Štursa, Václav (referee) ; Pořízka, Jaromír (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis works with an alkaline extraction of a ferulic acid from different kinds of cereal bran. Another researched issue was extraction of nutritionally interesting elements extracted from bran and from hydrolysed waste. Those extracts has possible usage as a mineral fertilizer for plants. In the theoretical part, this thesis deals with problematice of cereals, composition and differences in a cereal grain depending on kinds of cereal and an enviromental conditions. Chemical composition of cereal materials, focused on phenolic acids are also described. Another part deals with theoretical background of methods for the extraction of phenolic acids from bran with description of advantages and disadvantages. Methods for alkaline hydrolysis and extraction of minerals from different kind of bran bran are described in experimental part of this work. Sodium hydroxide (0,5 M) was used for the hydrolysis of bran material. For the determination of the yields of ferulic acid, HPLC method with UV/VIS detection at wave-length 330 nm with usage of mobile phase mixture of methanol and 0,5 % solution of formic acid was used. Acidified deionized water was used for the extraction of nutritionally interesting elements from bran and also from the hydrolyzed material. For the determination of the elemental composition of extracts (Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, P, Ca, K, Mg), ICP-OES method was used. It was found, that differences in wheat bran species in terms of yields of Ferulic acid are satistically important. The biggest yields of ferulic acid was obtained from the sample of spelt. The smallest yields of this acic was obtained from the sample of oat. Content of micro and macro-elements showed statistical important differences in different kinds of bran and their hydrolyzed waste. Most abundand elemets were obtained from rice bran and from spelts hydrolyzate. The smallest abundand elemens were obtaned from oat bran and hydrolyzate.
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Production and characterization of protein isolates from different kinds of bran
Vybíral, Lukáš ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Pořízka, Jaromír (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the use of various types of bran as a by-product in the milling of cereals. Mills create a huge amount of this material per year. The most common way of processing bran is mostly incineration and to a lesser extent it is used as feed for livestock. Depending on the type of cereal, bran contains 10-20% of protein, which disappears from the food chain due to combustion. Within the framework of sustainability and valorisation of waste, which has recently been largely discussed, great emphasis is placed on waste minimization whether in the field of its production or further processing. Due to the relatively high protein content, bran appears to be a suitable starting material to produce protein supplements. Proteins can be extracted from bran based on their different solubility at different pH. In the alkaline method, the proteins are first dissolved in an alkaline pH and then precipitated in an acidic medium. Lyophilization is followed by characterization of the extract in terms of yield, protein content, moisture, amino acid profile and digestibility. The highest yield was obtained with the oat bran isolate (13,5 ± 0,6 g of isolate per 100 g of bran). In terms of protein content, the best protein isolate was also obtained from oat bran (95,2 ± 0,4% protein in the isolate). Another determination was the analysis of the amino acid profile, in which a high content of arginine was found in all analyzed protein isolates from bran. Determination of digestibility showed very good digestibility of all produced protein extracts from bran.
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Production and characterization of biochar derived from different kind of bran
Černíková, Eliška ; Kalina, Michal (referee) ; Pořízka, Jaromír (advisor)
The bachelor thesis was focused on production and characterization of biochar prepared from different sorts of bran. According to the philosophy of circular economy bran, the biproduct of flour production, was chosen for the production of biochar. This lignocellulosic material was walked through pyrolysis to broaden potential application. Biochar was prepared by slow pyrolysis and considering its properties multiple applications are possible. Biochar’s usage is limited by European Biochar Certificate. The theoretical part contains general description of biochar properties, requests of European Biochar Certificate and possible analytical methods. In the practical part process of biochar preparation and biochar characterization per chosen methods are described. Analysed properties were: specific surface, pH, particle size distribution, electrical conductivity, composition of elements and content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Based on measured data possible applications were recommended. Only biochar from rye bran fulfilled the strict criteria of European Biochar Certificate. However all of the prepared materials can be used in agriculture, except from rice bran biochar which according to EBC can only be used in material industry.
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Preparation and basic chemical and physical characterization of biochar from wheat bran
Zouharová, Kamila ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Pořízka, Jaromír (advisor)
At present, the extraction of biochar and its use is a much-discussed topic in the chemical and research fields. The use of biochar is very often declined in the areas of agriculture, waste management, environmental improvement and the fight against global warming. In addition to these sectors, the topic of biochar is also addressed in the production of bio-diesel and bio-oil. Due to the current use of secondary products during biotechnological processes, the presented theoretical and practical study focused on the issue of obtaining biochar from bran by pyrolysis at different temperatures. Part of the practical part was the extraction of biochar from bran and its subsequent analysis, which could be used to characterize biochar obtained from bran by pyrolysis physically and chemically. The characterization of bran biochar was solved by various analytical methods. These techniques yielded, for example, pH, conductivity, particle distribution, elemental composition of biochar, porosity and content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Thanks to this study, the properties of biochar and its possible applications in everyday life were characterized in detail. Given the very promising use of biochar obtained from bran, it can be said that this will be a very desirable topic for the future.
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Characterization of different bran species in terms of ferulic acid content
Nábělek, Jakub ; Štursa, Václav (referee) ; Pořízka, Jaromír (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis works with an alkaline extraction of a ferulic acid from different kinds of cereal bran. Another researched issue was extraction of nutritionally interesting elements extracted from bran and from hydrolysed waste. Those extracts has possible usage as a mineral fertilizer for plants. In the theoretical part, this thesis deals with problematice of cereals, composition and differences in a cereal grain depending on kinds of cereal and an enviromental conditions. Chemical composition of cereal materials, focused on phenolic acids are also described. Another part deals with theoretical background of methods for the extraction of phenolic acids from bran with description of advantages and disadvantages. Methods for alkaline hydrolysis and extraction of minerals from different kind of bran bran are described in experimental part of this work. Sodium hydroxide (0,5 M) was used for the hydrolysis of bran material. For the determination of the yields of ferulic acid, HPLC method with UV/VIS detection at wave-length 330 nm with usage of mobile phase mixture of methanol and 0,5 % solution of formic acid was used. Acidified deionized water was used for the extraction of nutritionally interesting elements from bran and also from the hydrolyzed material. For the determination of the elemental composition of extracts (Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, P, Ca, K, Mg), ICP-OES method was used. It was found, that differences in wheat bran species in terms of yields of Ferulic acid are satistically important. The biggest yields of ferulic acid was obtained from the sample of spelt. The smallest yields of this acic was obtained from the sample of oat. Content of micro and macro-elements showed statistical important differences in different kinds of bran and their hydrolyzed waste. Most abundand elemets were obtained from rice bran and from spelts hydrolyzate. The smallest abundand elemens were obtaned from oat bran and hydrolyzate.
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The Combustion of Organic Lightweighting Agents in the Chamotte Materials
Smékalová, Veronika ; Keršner, Štěpán (referee) ; Sokolář, Radomír (advisor)
Lightweight chamotte products are popular building material. There are many types of lightweight chamotte on the market, but the most popular lightening options are organic ingredients. This brings some problems to the production of these products. This thesis deals with the burning of various types of lighters from shards of fireclay materials. In the theoretical part are summarized raw materials, which are necessary for production of lightweight chamotte. The results of the published research studies on the topic of lightening of organic lightening products are being described here. The practical part deals with properties of products made of clay or kaolin with the addition of a certain amount of lighter. These added lighters are spruce sawdust, beech sawdust, peat, bran, paper slurry and anthracite. All these lighters are direct. For comparison, the cenospheres, which represent indirect lightweights, were also included in the research. For all specimens, the temperature interval of burnout of specimens, refractoriness, classification temperature, bulk density, thermal conductivity coefficient and other properties were defined.
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